Let’s Give Thanks for CO2

[Tinkerbell in Texas]

World Climate Report Let’s Give Thanks for CO2

[Exotix]

Kind of makes you wonder why the need for catalytic converter's ... you know ... that invention invented in 1950 and law by 1973 ...

Hey, that's within that last 40 year time period of Global Warming *measurement sophistication* that the pain-in-the-azz resident algorian keeps bringing up ...

[Tinkerbell in Texas]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter

Three-way
Since 1981, three-way catalytic converters have been used in vehicle emission control systems in North America and many other countries on roadgoing vehicles. A three-way catalytic converter has three simultaneous tasks:

1) Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen: 2NOx → xO2 + N2
2) Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2
3) Oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide and water: CxH2x+2 + [(3x+1)/2]O2 → xCO2 + (x+1)H2O
These three reactions occur most efficiently when the catalytic converter receives exhaust from an engine running slightly above the stoichiometric point. This point is between 14.6 and 14.8 parts air to 1 part fuel, by weight, for gasoline. The ratio for LPG, natural gas and ethanol fuels is slightly different, requiring modified fuel system settings when using those fuels. Generally, engines fitted with 3-way catalytic converters are equipped with a computerized closed-loop feedback fuel injection system using one or more oxygen sensors, though early in the deployment of 3-way converters, carburetors equipped for feedback mixture control were used. While a 3-way catalyst can be used in an open-loop system, NOx reduction efficiency is low. Within a narrow fuel/air ratio band surrounding stoichiometry, conversion of all three pollutants is nearly complete. However, outside that band, conversion efficiency falls very rapidly. When there is more oxygen than required, the system is said to be running lean(as all the fuel got burnt,the emission of CO and hydrocarbons are minimized)and thereby, the reduction of NOx is favoured, at the expense of CO and hydrocarbons. When there is excessive fuel, the engine is running rich; the reduction of CO and hydrocarbons is favoured, at the expense of NOx.

[Exotix]

Originally Posted by Tinkerbell in Texas

World Climate Report Let’s Give Thanks for CO2

As Americans sit down on Thursday and give thanks for the food on their table, hopefully many will say a good word for enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, as much of the foodstuff filling their plates will have benefited from the anthropogenically-elevated CO2 levels in the air.

Ever driven through the San Bernadino valley ? ... you can't even see *The Breadbasket of the World* heads of cabbage 20 yards from the road because of the smog ... how you like your beggtables tasting a little toxic ...

[Y2Kvert4me]

Originally Posted by Exotix

Kind of makes you wonder why the need for catalytic converter's

I haven't found a need for them.

[Tinkerbell in Texas]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog

Photochemical smog

the 1950s a new type of smog, known as photochemical smog, was first described.
This forms when sunlight hits various pollutants in the air and forms a mix of inimical chemicals that can be very dangerous. A photochemical smog is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles (called particulate matter) and ground-level ozone.[2]

Nitrogen oxides are released by nitrogen and oxygen in the air reacting together under high temperature such as in the exhaust of fossil fuel-burning engines in cars, trucks, coal power plants, and industrial manufacturing factories. VOCs are released from man-made sources such as gasoline (petrol), paints, solvents, pesticides, and biogenic sources, such as pine and citrus tree emissions.

This noxious mixture of air pollutants can include the following:

Aldehydes (RCHO)
Nitrogen oxides, such as nitrogen dioxide
Peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN)
Tropospheric ozone
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
All of these chemicals are usually highly reactive and oxidizing. Photochemical smog is therefore considered to be a problem of modern industrialization. It is present in all modern cities, but it is more common in cities with sunny, warm, dry climates and a large number of motor vehicles.[3] Because it travels with the wind, it can affect sparsely populated areas as well.