I got an almost brand new of Brown & Sharpe model 572 vernier calipers off ebay for $26
Here's a close up of the vernier scale
This is the explanation I use to teach folks how to read a vernier scale.
One inch is $10
.100 of the scale is $1
Each of the four lines equals 25¢
By using that example, it helps understand how things add up.
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Looking at the close up of the vernier scale, it shows 1.687
How you get there is
1.000
plus .600
you have three lines of .025 each
plus you look to see which of the lines on the 0-25 scale lines up with the lines farther up on the scale. In this case it's the .012 ( 12 )
1.000
.600
.075
.012
____________
1.687
( which equals 1-11/16ths )
It's clear as mud, Right?